Heart Failure

Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, compromising the distribution of oxygen and nutrients to the body. In Portugal, around 4.4% of the adult population is affected, with a higher incidence in people over 80 years old. This condition is often associated with diseases such as diabetes and obesity, making it essential to have a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses all underlying conditions.

Common Signs and Symptoms:

• Constant fatigue, even at rest or with light exertion;
• Oedema (swelling) in the legs, ankles, and abdomen due to fluid retention;
• Breathing difficulties and a sensation of shortness of breath, especially when lying down;
• Palpitations;
• Persistent cough and increased abdominal volume.

Heart failure can be caused by coronary artery disease, myocarditis, pericarditis, arrhythmias, and uncontrolled hypertension. The diagnosis is established through tests such as chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and laboratory tests.

The treatment aims to improve the patient's quality of life and may include diuretics, vasodilators, and anticoagulants, as assessed on a case-by-case basis. Additionally, it is important to adopt a healthy lifestyle, with a balanced diet, regular physical exercise, and weight control.